Icandelo lokugcina amandla eTshayina lisanda kuthatha inyathelo elikhulu lokhuseleko. Ngomhla woku-1 kweyeThupha, ngo-2025,Umgangatho we-GB 44240-2024(Iiseli ze-lithium zesibini kunye neebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ombane-Iimfuno zoKhuseleko) ziqale ukusebenza ngokusesikweni. Esi asisosinye nje isikhokelo; ngumgangatho wokuqala onyanzelekileyo wokhuseleko lwesizwe waseTshayina ojolise ngokukodwa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswa kwiiinkqubo zokugcina amandla (ESS)Olu tshintsho lutshintsha ukhuseleko ukusuka kolokuzikhethela ukuya kolobalulekileyo.
1. Isebenza phi le Standard GB 44240-2024?
Umgangatho ugubungela iibhetri ze-lithium kunye neepakethi kwii-ESS ezahlukeneyo:
- ① Amandla okugcina idatha yeTelecom
- ② Izibane ezingxamisekileyo kunye neealamu eziphambili
- ③ Ukuqalisa injini okulungisiweyo
- ④ Iinkqubo zelanga zezindlu nezorhwebo
- ⑤Ugcino lwamandla olukwigridi(zombini kwigridi kunye nangaphandle kwegridi)
▲ NgokubalulekileyoIinkqubo zilinganiswe ngaphezulu100 kWhziwela ngqo phantsi kwe-GB 44240-2024. Iinkqubo ezincinci zilandela umgangatho owahlukileyo we-GB 40165.
2. Kutheni "Kunyanzelekile" Kubalulekile
Oku kuyatshintsha umdlalo. I-GB 44240-2024 ineemfuno zomthetho kunye nokufikelela kwimarike. Ukuthobela imithetho akunakuxoxiswana ngako. Ikwahambelana nemigangatho ephambili yamazwe ngamazwe (IEC, UL, UN), iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwihlabathi liphela. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ibeka iimfuno zokhuseleko ezipheleleyo kulo lonke umjikelo wobomi bebhetri, kubandakanya uyilo, ukwenziwa, ukuvavanywa, ukuthuthwa, ukufakwa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokurisayikilishwa. Ixesha "lexabiso eliphantsi nelingakhuselekanga" lifikelela esiphelweni.
3. Imigangatho yoVavanyo loKhuseleko lweBhetri yeLithium eQolileyo
Umgangatho uyalela iimvavanyo zokhuseleko ezingama-23 ezithile, ezigubungela iiseli, iimodyuli, kunye neenkqubo ezipheleleyo. Uvavanyo oluphambili luquka:
- ⭐Intlawulo engaphezulu: Ukutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5x ye-voltage emiselweyo kangangeyure e-1 (akukho mlilo/ukuqhuma).
- ⭐Ukukhutshwa Ngenkani: Buyisela ukutshaja kwi-voltage emiselweyo (akukho thermal runaway).
- ⭐Ukungena kweenzipho: Ukulinganisa iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi ngokufakwa kwenaliti kancinci kakhulu (akukho bushushu buyabaleka).
- ⭐Ukusetyenziswa Kakubi Kobushushu: Ukuvezwa kumaqondo obushushu angama-130°C kangangeyure e-1.
- ⭐Oomatshini kunye nokusingqongileyo: Uvavanyo lokuwisa, ukutyumza, ukungqubana, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokujikeleza kobushushu.
Isihlomelo esizinikeleyo sichaza uvavanyo lokubaleka kobushushu, sichaza izinto ezibangela ubushushu, amanqaku okulinganisa, imilinganiselo yokusilela (njengokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kobushushu okanye ukuhla kwevolthi), kunye neenkcukacha.
4. Iinkqubo zoLawulo lweeBhetri eziqinileyo (i-BMS)
Iimfuneko ze-BMS ngoku ziyimfuneko. Iinkqubo kufuneka zibandakanye:
- ♦ Ulawulo lokutshaja olusebenzisa i-over-voltage/over-current
- ♦ Ukucima ukukhutshwa kombane ongaphantsi kwe-voltage
- ♦ Ulawulo lobushushu obugqithisileyo
- ♦ Ukutshixwa kwenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kwiimeko zempazamo (abasebenzisi abayi kukwazi ukuyitshintsha)
Umgangatho ukhuthaza indlela epheleleyo yokhuseleko, ukhuthaza uyilo oluthintela ukwanda kobushushu obubalekayo.
5. Iimfuno zokulebhelisha ibhetri ye-lithium ecacileyo neqinileyo
Ukuchongwa kwemveliso kuya kusiba nzima. Iibhetri kunye neepakethi kufuneka zibe neelebheli ezihlala zihleli zaseTshayina ezibonisa:
- ①Igama, imodeli, umthamo, umlinganiselo wamandla, i-voltage, imida yokutshaja
- ②Umenzi, umhla, i-polarity, ixesha lokuphila elikhuselekileyo, ikhowudi eyahlukileyo
- ③Iilebheli kufuneka zimelane nobushushu kwaye zihlale zifundeka ixesha elide. Iipakethi zikwafuna izilumkiso ezicacileyo: "Musa ukuziqhaqha," "Ziphephe iiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu," "Yeka ukuzisebenzisa ukuba ziyadumba."
6. Isiphelo
I-GB 44240-2024 iphawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo laseTshayina eliya kukhuseleko oluyimfuneko noluphezulu kwishishini layo lokugcina amandla elikhulayo. Ibeka umda ophezulu, iqhuba umgangatho kunye nophuculo lokhuseleko kuyo yonke ibhodi. Kubavelisi abaxhomekeke kumaqhinga "angabizi kakhulu, angabizi kakhulu", umdlalo uphelile. Le yindlela entsha yokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bathembekeI-ESSeTshayina.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-07-2025