Pa Meyi 14, 2024, mu nthawi ya US — Nyumba Yoyera ku United States idatulutsa chikalata, momwe Purezidenti Joe Biden adalamulira Ofesi ya Woyimira Zamalonda ku US kuti iwonjezere mtengo wamitengo pazinthu zamagetsi za dzuwa zaku China motsatira Gawo 301 la Trade Act ya 1974 kuchokera pa 25% mpaka 50%.
Mogwirizana ndi malangizowa, Purezidenti wa US Joe Biden adalengeza Lachiwiri kuti akufuna kukweza kwambiri mitengo ya zinthu paMabatire a lithiamu-ion aku Chinandi kuyambitsa misonkho yatsopano pa ma chips a makompyuta, ma solar cell, ndi magalimoto amagetsi (EV) monga gawo la njira yake yotetezera antchito aku America ndi mabizinesi. Malinga ndi Gawo 301, Woyimira Zamalonda walangizidwa kuti awonjezere misonkho pa zinthu zokwana $18 biliyoni zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku China.
Mitengo ya magalimoto amagetsi, zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu zomwe zimagulidwa kunja komanso ma solar cell iyamba kugwira ntchito chaka chino; pomwe mitengo ya ma chips a makompyuta iyamba kugwira ntchito chaka chamawa. Mabatire a magalimoto osagwiritsa ntchito magetsi a lithiamu-ion ayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2026.
Makamaka, mtengo wa tariff waMabatire a lithiamu-ion aku China(osati a magalimoto amagetsi) adzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 7.5% kufika pa 25%, pomwe magalimoto amagetsi (magalimoto amagetsi) adzakumana ndi chiwongola dzanja chowirikiza kanayi cha 100%. Chiwongola dzanja cha ma solar cell ndi ma semiconductor chidzapatsidwa chiwongola dzanja cha 50% - kuwirikiza kawiri chiwongola dzanja chamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwongola dzanja cha zinthu zina zotumizidwa kunja kwa chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu chidzakwera ndi 25%, kupitirira katatu kuposa chiwongola dzanja chamagetsi.
Nazi misonkho yaposachedwa ya US pa zinthu zomwe zimagulidwa ku China:
| Misonkho ya US pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku China(2024-05-14,US) | ||
| Katundu | Mtengo Woyambirira | Misonkho Yatsopano |
| Mabatire a magalimoto osakhala amagetsi a lithiamu-ion | 7.5% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2026 |
| Mabatire amagetsi a galimoto ya lithiamu-ion | 7.5% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2024 |
| Zigawo za batri (mabatire osakhala a lithiamu-ion) | 7.5% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2024 |
| Maselo a dzuwa (kaya asonkhanitsidwa m'magawo kapena ayi) | 25.0% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 50% mu 2024 |
| Zinthu zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu | 0-7.5% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2024 |
| Tumizani ku ma crane a m'mphepete mwa nyanja | 0.0% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2024 |
| Ma semiconductor | 25.0% | Kuonjezera chiŵerengero kufika pa 50% mu 2025 |
| Magalimoto amagetsi | 25.0% | Wonjezerani chiwongola dzanja kufika pa 100% mu 2024 |
| Maginito okhazikika a mabatire a EV | 0.0% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2026 |
| Graphite yachilengedwe ya mabatire a EV | 0.0% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2026 |
| Michere ina yofunika kwambiri | 0.0% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2024 |
| Zogulitsa Zachipatala: magolovesi a rabara azachipatala ndi opaleshoni | 7.5% | Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2026 |
| Zogulitsa Zachipatala: zopumira zina ndi zophimba nkhope | 0-7.5% | Ikukwera kwa chiŵerengero kufika pa 25% mu 2024 |
| Zogulitsa Zachipatala: Ma syringe ndi singano | 0.0% | Kuonjezera chiŵerengero kufika pa 50% mu 2024 |
Gawo 301 Kafukufuku wokhudzabatire ya dzuwaMitengo ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito za mphamvu ya dzuwa imabweretsa mwayi komanso zovuta pakukula kwa makampani osungira mabatire a mphamvu ya dzuwa ku US. Ngakhale kuti izi zitha kulimbikitsa kupanga kwawo mphamvu ya dzuwa m'dziko muno komanso ntchito zawo, zitha kukhalanso ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pa chuma cha dziko lonse lapansi komanso malonda.
Kuwonjezera pa zopinga zamalonda, boma la Biden linaperekanso malingaliro olimbikitsa - Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) pakukula kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa mu 2022. Unali sitepe yabwino yochepetsera mpweya woipa womwe umatulutsa kutentha kwa dziko ndikulimbikitsa mphamvu zoyera mdzikolo, zomwe zikuwonetsa gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.
Ndalama ya $369 biliyoni ikuphatikizapo ndalama zothandizira mphamvu ya dzuwa zomwe zimafunika komanso zomwe zimaperekedwa. Kumbali ya kufunika, pali ndalama zolipirira msonkho (ITC) zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pothandizira ndalama zoyambira za polojekiti ndi ndalama zolipirira msonkho wopanga (PTC) kutengera mphamvu yeniyeni. Ndalama zimenezi zitha kuwonjezeredwa pokwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwira ntchito, zofunikira pakupanga ku US, ndi zina zomwe zilipo. Kumbali ya kupereka, pali ndalama zolipirira ntchito zamagetsi zapamwamba (48C ITC) zogwirira ntchito yomanga ndi zida, komanso ndalama zolipirira zopangira zinthu zapamwamba (45X MPTC) zolumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa malonda azinthu.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zaperekedwa, mitengo yabatire ya lithiamu ion yosungiramo dzuwaSizidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 2026, zomwe zimalola nthawi yosinthira. Izi zikupereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri woitanitsa mabatire a solar lithium ion mothandizidwa ndi mfundo za solar za IRA. Ngati ndinu wogulitsa mabatire a solar, wogulitsa, kapena wogulitsa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu tsopano. Kuti mugule mabatire a solar lithium ovomerezeka ndi UL, chonde funsani gulu logulitsa la YouthPOWER pasales@youth-power.net.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-16-2024