Mabatire olimba ndi mtundu wa batire womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ma electrode olimba ndi ma electrolyte, mosiyana ndi ma electrolyte amadzimadzi kapena a polymer gel omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion. Ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, nthawi yochaja mwachangu, komanso chitetezo chabwino poyerekeza ndi mabatire achikhalidwe.
Kodi mabatire olimba amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu？
Inde, tsopano mabatire ambiri olimba omwe akupangidwa pano amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu ngati chinthu chachikulu.
Ndithudi mabatire a Solid-state angagwiritse ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga electrolyte, kuphatikizapo lithiamu. Komabe, mabatire a Solid-state angagwiritsenso ntchito zinthu zina monga sodium, sulfure, kapena ceramics ngati electrolyte.
Kawirikawiri, kusankha zinthu za electrolyte kumadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, mtengo, ndi kupezeka. Mabatire a lithiamu olimba ndi ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri wosungira mphamvu za m'badwo wotsatira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa mphamvu, moyo wautali, komanso chitetezo chokwanira.
Kodi mabatire olimba amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mabatire olimba amagwiritsa ntchito electrolyte yolimba m'malo mwa electrolyte yamadzimadzi kuti asamutse ma ayoni pakati pa ma electrode (anode ndi cathode) a batri. Electrolyte nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zinthu za ceramic, galasi kapena polima zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zoyendetsa magetsi.
Batire ya solid-state ikachajidwa, ma elekitironi amatengedwa kuchokera ku cathode ndikuyendetsedwa kudzera mu solid electrolyte kupita ku anode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu iyende. Batire ikatuluka, mphamvu imabwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo ma elekitironi amasuntha kuchokera ku anode kupita ku cathode.
Mabatire olimba ali ndi ubwino wambiri kuposa mabatire achikhalidwe. Ndi otetezeka, chifukwa electrolyte yolimba siimatulutsa madzi kapena kuphulika mosavuta kuposa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi. Alinso ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri pang'onopang'ono.
Komabe, pali mavuto ena omwe akufunika kuthana nawo ndi mabatire olimba, kuphatikizapo ndalama zambiri zopangira komanso mphamvu zochepa. Kafukufuku akupitilizabe kuti apange zinthu zabwino za electrolyte zolimba ndikukweza magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa mabatire olimba.
Kodi pali makampani angati a batri olimba omwe alipo pamsika tsopano?
Pali makampani angapo omwe akupanga mabatire olimba pakadali pano:
1. Chifaniziro cha Quantum:Kampani yatsopano yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010 idakopa ndalama kuchokera ku Volkswagen ndi Bill Gates. Amati adapanga batire yolimba yomwe ingathe kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi 80%.
2. Toyota:Kampani yopanga magalimoto ku Japan yakhala ikugwira ntchito pa mabatire olimba kwa zaka zingapo ndipo ikufuna kuti ayambe kupangidwa pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2020.
3. Fisker:Kampani yatsopano yamagetsi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi ofufuza ku UCLA kuti ipange mabatire olimba omwe akuti adzawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magalimoto awo.
4. BMW:Kampani yopanga magalimoto ku Germany ikugwiranso ntchito pa mabatire olimba ndipo yagwirizana ndi kampani yatsopano ya Solid Power yomwe ili ku Colorado, kuti iwapange.
5. Samsung:Kampani yayikulu ya zamagetsi ku Korea ikupanga mabatire olimba kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafoni ndi zida zina zamagetsi.
Ngati mabatire olimba adzagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa mtsogolo?
Mabatire a Solid-state ali ndi kuthekera kosintha malo osungira mphamvu kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa dzuwa. Poyerekeza ndi mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion, mabatire a Solid-state amapereka mphamvu zambiri, nthawi yochapira mwachangu, komanso chitetezo chowonjezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mu makina osungira mphamvu za dzuwa kungathandize kuti ntchito igwire bwino ntchito, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kupangitsa kuti mphamvu zongowonjezeke zikhale zosavuta kuzipeza. Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa mabatire a Solid-state chikupitirira, ndipo n'zotheka kuti mabatirewa akhoza kukhala njira yodziwika bwino yosungira mphamvu za dzuwa mtsogolo. Koma tsopano, mabatire a Solid-state ndi apadera opangidwira kugwiritsa ntchito EV.
Toyota ikupanga mabatire olimba kudzera mu Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc., kampani yogwirizana ndi Panasonic yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito mu Epulo 2020 ndipo ili ndi antchito pafupifupi 5,100, kuphatikiza 2,400 ku kampani yocheperako yaku China koma ikadali ndi kupanga kochepa tsopano ndipo ikuyembekeza kugawana zambiri pofika chaka cha 2025 nthawi ikakwana.
Kodi mabatire olimba adzakhalapo liti?
Sitingathe kupeza nkhani ndi zosintha zaposachedwa zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa mabatire olimba. Komabe, makampani angapo akugwira ntchito yopanga mabatire olimba, ndipo ena alengeza kuti akukonzekera kuwayambitsa pofika chaka cha 2025 kapena mtsogolo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi yopezera mabatire olimba ikhoza kusiyana kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zovuta zaukadaulo ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-03-2023