Ku ya 14 Gicurasi 2024, mu gihe cya Amerika — White House muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yasohoye itangazo, aho Perezida Joe Biden yategetse ibiro by’uhagarariye ubucuruzi muri Amerika kongera igipimo cy’amahoro ku bicuruzwa by’izuba byo mu Bushinwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 301 y’Itegeko ry’Ubucuruzi ryo mu 1974 kuva kuri 25% kugera kuri 50%.
Mu buryo bukurikije aya mabwiriza, Perezida wa Amerika Joe Biden yatangaje kuwa kabiri gahunda ye yo gushyiraho izamuka rikomeye ry’imisoro kuBateri za lithium-ion zo mu Bushinwano gushyiraho imisoro mishya ku bikoresho bya mudasobwa, selile zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) nk'igice cy'ingamba ze zo kurengera abakozi n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi by'Abanyamerika. Dukurikije ingingo ya 301, Uhagarariye Ubucuruzi yategetswe kongera imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bifite agaciro ka miliyari 18 z'amadolari biva mu Bushinwa.
Ibiciro ku biciro bya EV, ibyuma n'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bya aluminiyumu ndetse n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bizatangira gukoreshwa muri uyu mwaka; mu gihe ibya mudasobwa bizatangira gukoreshwa umwaka utaha. Bateri z'imodoka zikoresha Lithium-ion zitari iz'amashanyarazi zizatangira gukoreshwa mu 2026.
By'umwihariko, igipimo cy'imisoro kuriBateri za lithium-ion zo mu Bushinwa(atari iby’imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi) bizongerwa kuva kuri 7.5% kugera kuri 25%, mu gihe imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi) zizahura n’igipimo cyikubye kane cya 100%. Igipimo cy’umusoro ku tunyangingo tw’izuba na semiconductor kizaba gifite igipimo cya 50% - inshuro ebyiri z’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cy’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe by’icyuma na aluminiyumu bitumizwa mu mahanga kiziyongeraho 25%, bikubye inshuro zirenze eshatu urwego rw’ubushyuhe.
Dore imisoro iheruka ya Amerika ku bicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa bitumizwa mu mahanga:
| Imisoro ya Amerika ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye by’Ubushinwa biva mu mahanga(2024-05-14,US) | ||
| Ibicuruzwa | Igiciro cy'umwimerere | Igiciro Gishya |
| Bateri z'imodoka zikoresha litiyumu-iyoni zitari iz'amashanyarazi | 7.5% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2026 |
| Bateri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi za Lithium-ion | 7.5% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2024 |
| Ibice bya bateri (bateri zitari lithiyumu-iyoni) | 7.5% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2024 |
| Uturemangingo tw’izuba (twaba twateranijwe mu buryo bw’ingufu cyangwa tutateranijwe) | 25.0% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 50% muri 2024 |
| Ibikoresho by'icyuma na aluminiyumu | 0-7.5% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2024 |
| Kohereza ku nkombe z'inyanja cranes | 0.0% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2024 |
| Ibikoresho bya semiconductor | 25.0% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 50% muri 2025 |
| Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi | 25.0% | Ongera igipimo kigere ku 100% muri 2024 |
| Maneti zihoraho za bateri za EV | 0.0% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2026 |
| Grafiti karemano yo gukoresha bateri za EV | 0.0% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2026 |
| Andi mabuye y'agaciro y'ingenzi | 0.0% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2024 |
| Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi: uturindantoki tw'icyuma dukoreshwa mu buvuzi n'utwo kubaga | 7.5% | Kongera igipimo kigera kuri 25% muri 2026 |
| Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi: udukoresho duhumeka n'udupfukamunwa two mu maso | 0-7.5% | Ikongera igipimo kugera kuri 25% muri 2024 |
| Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi: Inshinge n'inshinge | 0.0% | Ongera igipimo kigere kuri 50% muri 2024 |
Ingingo ya 301 Iperereza ryerekeyebateri y'izubaImisoro itanga amahirwe n'imbogamizi mu iterambere ry'inganda zibika batiri zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Amerika. Nubwo bishobora gutuma inganda zabo zikora imirasire y'izuba mu gihugu ndetse no gutanga akazi, bishobora no kugira ingaruka mbi ku bukungu bw'isi n'ubucuruzi.
Uretse imbogamizi z'ubucuruzi, ubuyobozi bwa Biden bwanatanze inama ku birebana n'itegeko ryo kugabanya izamuka ry'ibiciro (IRA) mu iterambere ry'izuba mu 2022. Ni intambwe nziza mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere ingufu zisukura mu gihugu, bikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu iterambere ry'ingufu zisubira.
Umushinga w’itegeko w’amadolari miliyari 369 ukubiyemo inkunga ku bijyanye n’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba haba ku byifuzo ndetse no ku mpande zo gutanga ingufu. Ku ruhande rw’ubusabe, hari inguzanyo z’ishoramari (ITC) zigenewe gutera inkunga ikiguzi cy’ibanze cy’umushinga n’inguzanyo z’umusoro ku musaruro (PTC) hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi nyayo. Izi nguzanyo zishobora kongerwa hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa ry’abakozi, ibisabwa mu nganda muri Amerika, n’ibindi bisabwa. Ku ruhande rw’ubusabe, hari inguzanyo z’imishinga y’ingufu zigezweho (48C ITC) ku bijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’inyubako n’ibikoresho, ndetse n’inguzanyo z’umusaruro ugezweho (45X MPTC) zijyanye n’ingano itandukanye y’ibicuruzwa bigurishwa.
Hashingiwe ku makuru yatanzwe, imisoro kubateri ya lithiamu iyoni yo kubikamo imirasire y'izubantabwo bizashyirwa mu bikorwa kugeza mu 2026, bityo bikaba byatanga igihe cy'inzibacyuho. Ibi bitanga amahirwe meza yo gutumiza bateri za lithium ion zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku nkunga ya politiki y'izuba ya IRA. Niba uri umucuruzi w'ingufu za bateri zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ucuruza cyangwa ugurisha, ni ngombwa gukoresha aya mahirwe ubu. Kugira ngo ugure bateri za lithium zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zihendutse kandi zifite ireme rya UL, nyamuneka hamagara itsinda rishinzwe kugurisha rya YouthPOWER kurisales@youth-power.net.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-16-2024