Mabhatiri emhando yakasimba imhando yebhatiri rinoshandisa maelectrode akasimba nemaelectrolyte, kusiyana nemaelectrolyte emvura kana epolymer gel anoshandiswa mumabhatiri echinyakare e lithium-ion. Ane simba rakawanda, nguva yekuchaja inokurumidza, uye kuchengetedzeka kuri nani kana tichienzanisa nemabhatiri echinyakare.
Mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro anoshandisa lithium here?
Ehe, ikozvino mabhatiri mazhinji ari kugadzirwa anoshandisa lithium sechinhu chikuru.
Zvechokwadi mabhatiri eSolid-state anogona kushandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana se electrolyte, kusanganisira lithium. Zvisinei, mabhatiri eSolid-state anogonawo kushandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se sodium, sarufa, kana ceramics se electrolyte.
Kazhinji, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zve electrolyte kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sekushanda, kuchengetedzeka, mutengo, uye kuwanikwa. Mabhatiri e lithium akasimba tekinoroji inovimbisa yekuchengetedza simba rechizvarwa chinotevera nekuda kwekuwanda kwawo kwesimba, hupenyu hwenguva refu, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa.
Mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro anoshanda sei?
Mabhatiri eSolid-state anoshandisa solid electrolyte panzvimbo pe liquid electrolyte kutamisa maion pakati pemaelectrodes (anode ne cathode) ebhatiri. Electrolyte inowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zveceramic, girazi kana polymer izvo zvinogara kwenguva refu uye zvinofambisa magetsi.
Kana bhatiri re solid-state rachajwa, maerekitironi anotorwa kubva mu cathode oendeswa kuburikidza ne solid electrolyte kuenda ku anode, zvichiita kuti current ifambe. Kana bhatiri rabuda, current inodzokera shure, maerekitironi achifamba kubva ku anode kuenda ku cathode.
Mabhatiri eSolid-state ane zvakanakira zvakawanda kupfuura mabhatiri echinyakare. Akachengeteka, sezvo solid electrolyte isinganyanyi kubuda kana kuputika kupfuura maelectrolyte emvura. Anewo simba rakawanda, zvichireva kuti anogona kuchengetedza simba rakawanda muhuwandu hushoma.
Zvisinei, kuchine mamwe matambudziko anoda kugadziriswa nemabhatiri emhando ye "solid-state", kusanganisira mitengo yakakwira yekugadzira uye kugona kushoma. Tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi yekugadzira zvinhu zve "solid electrolyte" zviri nani uye kuvandudza mashandiro uye hupenyu hwemabhatiri emhando ye "solid-state".
Mangani makambani emabhatiri ehurumende ari pamusika iye zvino?
Kune makambani akati wandei ari kugadzira mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro parizvino:
1. Chimiro cheQuantum:Kambani itsva yakavambwa muna 2010 yakakwezva mari kubva kuVolkswagen naBill Gates. Vanoti vakagadzira bhatiri rakasimba rinogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi neanopfuura 80%.
2. Toyota:Kambani yemotokari yekuJapan yave ichishanda pamabhatiri akasimba kwemakore akati wandei uye ine chinangwa chekuti atange kugadzirwa pakutanga kwema2020.
3. Fisker:Kambani yemotokari dzemagetsi dzemhando yepamusoro iri kushanda pamwe nevaongorori vekuUCLA kugadzira mabhatiri akasimba ayo vanoti achawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwemotokari dzavo.
4. BMW:Kambani yemotokari yekuGermany iri kushandawo pamabhatiri emhando yepamusoro uye yakabatana nekambani itsva yeSolid Power iri kuColorado, kuti ivagadzire.
5. Samsung:Kambani yemagetsi yekuKorea iri kugadzira mabhatiri emagetsi akasimba ekushandisa mumafoni emafoni nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemagetsi.
Kana mabhatiri emagetsi akaomarara achizoshandiswa pakuchengetera simba rezuva mune ramangwana?
Mabhatiri eSolid-state ane mukana wekuchinja kuchengetwa kwesimba remagetsi ezuva. Kana tichienzanisa nemabhatiri echinyakare eLithium-ion, mabhatiri eSolid-state anopa simba rakawanda, nguva yekuchaja nekukurumidza, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa. Kushandiswa kwawo mumasisitimu ekuchengetera simba rezuva kunogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza mitengo, uye kuita kuti simba rinogona kushandiswazve rive nyore kuwana. Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemabhatiri eSolid-state kuri kuenderera mberi, uye zvinokwanisika kuti mabhatiri aya anogona kuva mhinduro huru yekuchengetwa kwezuva mune ramangwana. Asi ikozvino, mabhatiri eSolid-state akagadzirirwa kushandiswa kweEV.
Toyota iri kugadzira mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro kuburikidza nePrime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc., kambani yakabatana nePanasonic yakatanga kushanda muna Kubvumbi 2020 uye ine vashandi vanosvika 5,100, kusanganisira 2,400 kune imwe kambani yeChina asi ichiri kugadzira mota shoma pari zvino uye inotarisira kuti ichagovaniswa mabhatiri akawanda panosvika 2025 kana nguva yakwana.
Mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro achawanikwa riini?
Hatina mukana wekuwana nhau dzichangoburwa uye nhau dzichangoburwa maererano nekuwanikwa kwemabhatiri e-solid-state. Zvisinei, makambani akati wandei ari kushanda pakugadzira mabhatiri e-solid-state, uye mamwe akazivisa kuti anoronga kutanga kuavhura panosvika 2025 kana kuti gare gare. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti nguva yekuwanikwa kwemabhatiri e-solid-state inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sematambudziko etekinoroji uye mvumo yemutemo.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-03-2023