Iibhetri ze-Solid state luhlobo lwebhetri olusebenzisa ii-electrode eziqinileyo kunye nee-electrolytes, ngokungafaniyo nee-electrolytes zejeli ezingamanzi okanye ze-polymer ezisetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli. Zinamandla aphezulu, amaxesha okutshaja akhawulezayo, kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zemveli.
Ngaba iibhetri ze-solid state zisebenzisa i-lithium?
Ewe, ngoku uninzi lweebhetri ezisemgangathweni oqinileyo ezisaphuhliswayo zisebenzisa i-lithium njengento ephambili.
Ngokuqinisekileyo iibhetri ze-Solid-state zingasebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo njenge-electrolyte, kuquka i-lithium. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-solid-state zingasebenzisa nezinye izinto ezifana ne-sodium, i-sulfur, okanye i-ceramics njenge-electrolyte.
Ngokubanzi, ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokusebenza, ukhuseleko, iindleko, kunye nokufumaneka. Iibhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo zibuchwepheshe obuthembisayo bokugcina amandla kwisizukulwana esilandelayo ngenxa yobuninzi bazo bamandla aphezulu, ubomi bomjikelo omde, kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo.
Zisebenza njani iibhetri ezisemgangathweni?
Iibhetri ze-Solid-state zisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo endaweni ye-electrolyte engamanzi ukuhambisa ii-ions phakathi kwee-electrodes (i-anode kunye ne-cathode) zebhetri. I-electrolyte idla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ze-ceramic, iglasi okanye i-polymer ezizinzileyo ngokweekhemikhali kwaye ziqhuba.
Xa ibhetri ye-solid-state itshajwa, ii-elektroni zitsalwa kwi-cathode zize zithuthwe nge-solid electrolyte ziye kwi-anode, nto leyo edala ukuhamba komsinga. Xa ibhetri ikhutshiwe, ukuhamba komsinga kuyajikwa, ii-elektroni zisuka kwi-anode ziye kwi-cathode.
Iibhetri ze-Solid-state zineengenelo ezininzi kuneebhetri zemveli. Zikhuselekile, njengoko i-solid electrolyte ingenako ukuvuza okanye ukuqhuma kunee-electrolytes ezingamanzi. Zikwanamandla amaninzi, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokugcina amandla amaninzi ngomthamo omncinci.
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho imingeni ethile ekufuneka ijongwane nayo ngeebhetri ze-solid-state, kuquka iindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa kunye nomthamo omncinci. Uphando luyaqhubeka ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ze-electrolyte ezingcono kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobomi beebhetri ze-solid-state.
Zingaphi iinkampani zeebhetri ze-solid state ezikhoyo ngoku kwimarike?
Kukho iinkampani ezininzi eziphuhlisa iibhetri eziqinileyo okwangoku:
1. Ububanzi beQuantum:Le nkampani intsha eyasungulwa ngo-2010, itsale utyalo-mali kwiVolkswagen nakwiBill Gates. Bathi benze ibhetri eqinileyo enokunyusa uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane ngaphezulu kwe-80%.
2. IToyota:Le nkampani yokuvelisa iimoto yaseJapan ibisebenza kwiibhetri ezisemgangathweni kangangeminyaka eliqela kwaye ijonge ukuba zibe semgangathweni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2020.
3. UFisker:Inkampani entsha ethengisa iimoto zombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu esebenzisana nabaphandi base-UCLA ukuphuhlisa iibhetri ezisemgangathweni abathi ziya kwandisa kakhulu uluhlu lwezithuthi zabo.
4. I-BMW:Le nkampani yaseJamani ikwasebenza kwiibhetri eziqinileyo kwaye isebenzisana neSolid Power, inkampani entsha eseColorado, ukuze izenze.
5. I-Samsung:Le nkampani inkulu ye-elektroniki yaseKorea iphuhlisa iibhetri ezisemgangathweni ezisetyenziswa kwiifowuni eziphathwayo nakwezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki.
Ukuba iibhetri eziqinileyo ziya kusetyenziswa ukugcina amandla elanga kwixesha elizayo?
Iibhetri ze-Solid-state zinamandla okuguqula ukugcinwa kwamandla kwiindlela zelanga. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli, iibhetri ze-solid-state zibonelela ngoxinano olukhulu lwamandla, amaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiinkqubo zokugcina ilanga kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi, kunciphise iindleko, kwaye kwenze amandla ahlaziyekayo afikeleleke lula. Uphando nophuhliso kwitekhnoloji yeebhetri ze-solid-state luyaqhubeka, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi bhetri zinokuba sisisombululo esiphambili sokugcina ilanga kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa ngoku, iibhetri ze-solid state zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-EV.
IToyota iphuhlisa iibhetri ze-solid-state ngePrime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc., intsebenziswano nePanasonic eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-Epreli 2020 kwaye inabasebenzi abamalunga nama-5,100, kuquka abangama-2,400 kwinkampani yaseTshayina kodwa isenemveliso encinci ngoku kwaye sinethemba lokuba iza kwabelana ngakumbi ngo-2025 xa ixesha lilungile.
Ziza kufumaneka nini iibhetri eziqinileyo?
Asinakufikelela kwiindaba zamva nje kunye nohlaziyo malunga nokufumaneka kweebhetri eziqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani ezininzi zisebenza ekuphuhliseni iibhetri eziqinileyo, kwaye ezinye zibhengeze ukuba ziceba ukuzivula ngo-2025 okanye kamva. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ixesha lokufumaneka kweebhetri eziqinileyo linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nemingeni yetekhnoloji kunye nokuvunywa komthetho.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-03-2023