Ko ngā pākahiko āhua totoka he momo pākahiko e whakamahi ana i ngā irahiko totoka me ngā irahiko, he rerekē ki ngā irahiko wai, irahiko pūmua rānei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho. He nui ake te mātotoru o te pūngao, he tere ake te wā utu, ā, he pai ake te haumaru ki te whakataurite ki ngā pākahiko tuku iho.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko totoka te lithium?
Ae, ko te nuinga o ngā pākahiko totoka kei te hangaia i tēnei wā e whakamahi ana i te lithium hei huānga matua.
He pono ka taea e ngā pākahiko totoka te whakamahi i ngā rauemi maha hei irahiko, tae atu ki te konutai. Heoi, ka taea hoki e ngā pākahiko totoka te whakamahi i ētahi atu rauemi pērā i te konutai, te whanariki, te uku rānei hei irahiko.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi irahiko ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te mahi, te haumaru, te utu, me te wātea. He hangarau whai hua ngā pākahiko lithium totoka mō te rokiroki pūngao o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei nā te mea he nui te kiato pūngao, he roa te ora huringa, me te haumaru kua whakarei ake.
Me pēhea te mahi a ngā pākahiko āhua totoka?
Ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko totoka he irahiko totoka hei utu mō te irahiko wai hei whakawhiti i ngā katote i waenga i ngā irahiko (anode me te cathode) o te pākahiko. Ko te tikanga, he mea hanga te irahiko ki te uku, ki te karāhe, ki te polymer rānei, he pumau te matū, he kawe hiko hoki.
Ina utua he pākahiko totoka, ka tangohia ngā irahiko mai i te katote ka haria mā roto i te irahiko totoka ki te anote, ka puta he rere o te iahiko. Ina tukuna te pākahiko, ka hurihia te rere o te iahiko, ka neke ngā irahiko mai i te anote ki te katote.
He maha ngā painga o ngā pākahiko totoka-āhua i ngā pākahiko tuku iho. He haumaru ake ēnei, nā te mea he iti ake te tūponotanga o te turuturu, te pahū rānei o te irahiko totoka i ngā irahiko wai. He nui ake hoki te mātotoru o te pūngao, arā, ka taea e rātou te penapena i te pūngao nui ake i roto i te rahinga iti ake.
Heoi anō, kei reira tonu ētahi wero me aro atu ki ngā pākahiko totoka, tae atu ki ngā utu hanga nui me te iti o te kaha. Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau hei whakawhanake i ngā rauemi electrolyte totoka pai ake, me te whakapai ake i te mahi me te roa o te ora o ngā pākahiko totoka.
E hia ngā kamupene pākahiko āhua totoka kei te mākete i nāianei?
He maha ngā kamupene e whakawhanake ana i ngā pākahiko āhua totoka i tēnei wā:
1. Te Ao Pūtaiao:He kamupene hou i whakatūria i te tau 2010, ā, kua kukume mai i ngā haumitanga mai i a Volkswagen me Bill Gates. E kī ana rātou kua whakawhanakehia e rātou he pākahiko āhua totoka ka taea te whakanui ake i te whānuitanga o te waka hiko mā te neke atu i te 80%.
2. Tāitoa:Kua roa te kamupene hanga waka Hapanihi e mahi ana i ngā pākahiko āhua totoka, ā, ko te whāinga kia hangaia ēnei pākahiko i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 2020.
3. Kaiwhaiwhai:He kamupene hou e mahi tahi ana me ngā kairangahau i UCLA ki te whakawhanake i ngā pākahiko totoka, e kī ana rātou ka tino whakanui ake i te whānuitanga o ā rātou waka.
4. BMW:Kei te mahi tahi hoki te kaihanga waka Tiamana ki ngā pākahiko āhua totoka, ā, kua mahi tahi me Solid Power, he kamupene hou kei Colorado, hei whakawhanake i aua pākahiko.
5. Samsung:Kei te whakawhanake te kamupene hiko nui o Kōrea i ngā pākahiko āhua totoka hei whakamahi i roto i ngā waea atamai me ētahi atu taputapu hiko.
Mehemea ka whakamahia ngā pākahiko āhua totoka mō te rokiroki pūngao rā ā muri ake nei?
Kei ngā pākahiko totoka te kaha ki te huri i te rokiroki pūngao mō ngā tono pūngao rā. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho, he nui ake te kaha o ngā pākahiko totoka, he tere ake te wā utu, ā, he haumaru ake. Mā te whakamahinga o ēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao rā ka pai ake te whai huatanga whānui, ka whakaiti i ngā utu, ā, ka ngāwari ake te uru atu ki te pūngao whakahou. Kei te haere tonu te rangahau me te whanaketanga i roto i te hangarau pākahiko totoka, ā, tera pea ka noho ēnei pākahiko hei otinga matua mō te rokiroki pūngao rā ā muri ake nei. Engari i nāianei, kua hangaia motuhake ngā pākahiko totoka mō te tono hiko hiko.
Kei te whakawhanake a Toyota i ngā pākahiko totoka mā Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc., he hononga tahi me Panasonic i tīmata i te marama o Āperira 2020, ā, e 5,100 pea āna kaimahi, tae atu ki te 2,400 i tētahi apiti Hainamana, engari he iti tonu te hanga i nāianei, ā, ko te tumanako ka nui ake ngā hea i te tau 2025 ina tae ki te wā tika.
Āhea ka wātea mai ngā pākahiko āhua totoka?
Kāore e taea e mātou te uru atu ki ngā purongo me ngā whakahōutanga hou e pā ana ki te wātea o ngā pākahiko totoka. Heoi, kei te mahi ētahi kamupene ki te whakawhanake i ngā pākahiko totoka, ā, kua kī ētahi kei te whakamahere rātou ki te whakarewa i ēnei i te tau 2025, i muri mai rānei. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio ko te wātaka mō te wātea o ngā pākahiko totoka ka rerekē pea i runga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, pērā i ngā wero hangarau me te whakaaetanga ture.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-03-2023