Bateri za Solid state ni ubwoko bwa bateri ikoresha electrode na electrolyte zikomeye, bitandukanye na electrode za polymer gel zikoreshwa muri bateri zisanzwe za lithium-ion. Zifite ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, zikora vuba, kandi zikagira umutekano mwiza ugereranije na bateri zisanzwe.
Ese bateri za solid state zikoresha lithium？
Yego, ubu bateri nyinshi za solid-state ziri gukorwa zikoresha lithium nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi.
Nta gushidikanya ko bateri za Solid-state zishobora gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye nk'amashanyarazi, harimo na lithiyumu. Ariko, bateri za Solid-state zishobora no gukoresha ibindi bikoresho nka sodium, sulfur, cyangwa ceramic nk'amashanyarazi.
Muri rusange, guhitamo ibikoresho bya electrolyte biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye nko gukora, umutekano, ikiguzi, n'uko biboneka. Bateri za lithium zimeze neza ni ikoranabuhanga ryiza mu kubika ingufu z'igihe kizaza bitewe n'ubucucike bwazo bw'ingufu nyinshi, igihe kirekire, ndetse n'umutekano wazo urushaho kwiyongera.
Bateri za solid state zikora zite?
Bateri za Solid-state zikoresha electrolyte ikomeye aho gukoresha electrolyte y'amazi kugira ngo zimure iyoni hagati ya electrodes (anode na cathode) za bateri. Electrolyte isanzwe ikorwa mu bikoresho bya ceramic, ikirahure cyangwa polymeri bidahinduka kandi biyobora amashanyarazi.
Iyo bateri ifite imiterere ikomeye (solid-state) ishyuwe, electron zikurwa muri cathode zigatwarwa binyuze muri electrolyte ikomeye zijya kuri anode, bigatuma habaho urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi. Iyo bateri imaze gusohoka, urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi rurahinduka, aho electron zigenda ziva kuri anode zijya kuri cathode.
Bateri za Solid-state zifite ibyiza byinshi ugereranyije na bateri zisanzwe. Zifite umutekano, kuko electrolyte ikomeye idakunze kuva cyangwa guturika nk'ibinyabutabire by'amazi. Zifite kandi ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, bivuze ko zishobora kubika ingufu nyinshi mu rugero ruto.
Ariko, haracyari imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe zigomba gukemurwa n’ingufu za bateri za solid-state, harimo ibiciro byo gukora byinshi n’ubushobozi buke. Ubushakashatsi burakomeje kugira ngo hakorwe ibikoresho byiza bya electrolyte no kunoza imikorere n’igihe kirekire cya bateri za solid-state.
Ni amasosiyete angahe ya bateri za solid state ari ku isoko ubu?
Hari amasosiyete menshi arimo gukora bateri zikomeye muri iki gihe:
1. Ishusho ya Kwantumu:Isosiyete shyashya yashinzwe mu 2010 yakuruye ishoramari rya Volkswagen na Bill Gates. Bavuga ko bakoze bateri ikomeye ishobora kongera ingano y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku kigero kirenga 80%.
2. Toyota:Iyo kompanyi y’imodoka yo mu Buyapani imaze imyaka myinshi ikora kuri bateri zikomeye kandi ifite intego yo kuzikoresha mu ntangiriro za 2020.
3. Fisker:Isosiyete ikora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ihenze ifatanya n'abashakashatsi bo muri UCLA gukora bateri zikomeye bavuga ko zizongera cyane ingano y'imodoka zabo.
4. BMW:Uruganda rw’imodoka rwo mu Budage rurimo gukora kuri bateri zikomeye kandi rwafatanyije na Solid Power, ikigo gishya cyo muri Colorado, kugira ngo baziteze imbere.
5. Samsung:Iyi kompanyi ikomeye mu by'ikoranabuhanga yo muri Koreya irimo gukora bateri zikomeye zo gukoresha muri telefoni zigezweho n'izindi zikoreshwa mu by'ikoranabuhanga.
Ese bateri zikomeye zizakoreshwa mu kubika imirasire y'izuba mu gihe kizaza?
Bateri za Solid-state zifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba. Ugereranyije na bateri za lithium-ion zisanzwe, bateri za Solid-state zitanga ingufu nyinshi, igihe cyo gusharija vuba, kandi zikongera umutekano. Ikoreshwa ryazo mu bubiko bw'izuba rishobora kunoza imikorere muri rusange, kugabanya ikiguzi, no gutuma ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ziboneka. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri za Solid-state rirakomeje, kandi birashoboka ko izi bateri zishobora kuba igisubizo nyamukuru cyo kubika ingufu z'izuba mu gihe kizaza. Ariko ubu, bateri za Solid-state zigenewe gukoreshwa na EV.
Toyota irimo gukora bateri za solid-state binyuze muri Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc., ikigo gifatanyije na Panasonic cyatangiye gukora muri Mata 2020, kikaba gifite abakozi bagera ku 5.100, barimo 2.400 mu kigo cy’Ubushinwa ariko kiracyafite umusaruro muke ubu kandi cyizeye ko kizagabanywa byinshi mu 2025 igihe nikigera.
Bateri za solid state zizaboneka ryari?
Ntabwo dufite amakuru mashya n'amakuru mashya yerekeye kuboneka kwa bateri za solid-state. Ariko, amasosiyete menshi arimo gukora ku guteza imbere bateri za solid-state, kandi amwe yatangaje ko ateganya kuzikoresha bitarenze umwaka wa 2025 cyangwa nyuma yaho. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko igihe cyo kuboneka kwa bateri za solid-state gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye, nko guhangana n'ikoranabuhanga no kwemeza amategeko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-03-2023