Kasar Sin ita ce kasuwa mafi girma ta EV a duniya tare da sayar da sama da miliyan 5.5 har zuwa Maris 2021. Wannan abu ne mai kyau ta hanyoyi da yawa.Kasar Sin ce ta fi kowace mota a duniya kuma wadannan suna maye gurbin iskar gas mai cutarwa.Amma waɗannan abubuwa suna da nasu damuwar dorewa.Akwai damuwa game da lalacewar muhalli sakamakon hakar abubuwa kamar lithium da cobalt.Amma wani abin damuwa da ya shafi shi ne matsalar sharar gida da ke tafe.Kasar Sin ta fara fuskantar kan gaba wajen wannan matsala.
A shekarar 2020. An cire tan 200,000 na batura kuma ana sa ran adadin zai rubuta tan 780,000 nan da shekarar 2025. Dubi matsalar sharar batirin EV na kasar Sin da ke kunno kai da kuma abin da babbar kasuwar EV ta duniya ke yi game da shi.
Kusan duk na ChinaAna amfani da motocin lantarki ta batirin lithium ion.Suna da nauyi, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi da tsawon rayuwa, ya sa su zama zaɓi na farko don motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki.Batura suna da manyan c guda ukuOmponents da anode, cathode da electrolyte.Daga cikinse, cathode shine mafi tsada da mahimmanci.Mun bambanta tsakanin waɗannan batura bisa ga kwale-kwalen su na cat.Ndon nutsewa sosai cikin wannan, amma yawancin batir EV na kasar Sin suna da cathodes da aka yi da ko dai lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt oxides, wanda ake kira MCS.Waɗannan batura sun yi ritaya lokacin da ƙarfin su ya kai kusan 80% daidai da rayuwar sabis ɗin mu na kusan shekaru 8 zuwa 10.Wannan, ba shakka ya dogara da wasu abubuwa kamar cajin mita, yanayin tuƙi, da yanayin hanya.
Yi tunanin kuna so ku sani.Tare da farkon manyan kalaman EVsbuga hanya a wani lokaci a cikin 2010 zuwa 2011, abubuwan more rayuwa don tattarawa da sarrafa waɗannan batura za su buƙaci nan da nan a shirya su nan da ƙarshen shekaru goma.Wannan shi ne kalubale da lokacin da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta fuskanci.Bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta Beijing, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta fara inganta kera da amfani da na'urorin na EV ga jama'a.A wannan lokacin kawai ƙa'idodin da suka fitar da su shine ƙa'idodin amincin masana'antu.Tunda yawancin abubuwan baturi suna da guba sosai.Farkon 2010 ya ga haɓakar haɓakar abin hawa na lantarki tare da hakan daidai da buƙatun girma da sauri don hanyar magance ɓarnarsu.
A shekarar 2012, da gogandun dajint fitar da jagorar manufofin ga masana'antar EV gabaɗaya a cikinta a karon farko, jagorar ta jaddada buƙatar, tsakanin sauran.r abubuwa, tsarin sake amfani da baturin EV mai aiki.A cikin 2016, ma'aikatu da yawa sun haɗu tare don kafa hanyar haɗin kai don matsalar sharar batirin EV.Masu kera EV za su ɗauki nauyin dawo da batir ɗin motar su.Dole ne su kafa bayan cibiyoyin sadarwar sabis na tallace-tallace na kansu ko kuma amince da wani ɓangare na uku don tattara batir EV mai sharar gida.
Gwamnatin kasar Sin tana da dabi'ar fara ayyana manufa, jagora ko alkibla kafin fitar da wasu takamaiman dokoki daga baya.Sanarwar 2016 ta nuna alama ga kamfanonin EV don tsammanin ƙari akan wannan a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.Don haka, a cikin 2018, bin diddigin manufofin ya fito cikin hanzari, mai taken matakan wucin gadi na sarrafa sake yin amfani da wutar lantarki na sabbin motocin makamashi.Kuna mamaki idan kun kira ma'ana eaves da kuma hybrids.Hukumar tilastawa zata kasance Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ko MIIT.
Ya yi alkawarin mayara cikin 2016, tsarin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kamar masu kera batirin EV da EV waɗanda ke magance wannan matsalar.Gwamnati za ta yi nasaraduba wasu fannonin fasaha na ƙoƙarin, amma ba za su yi da kansu ba.An gina wannan tsarin ne bisa tsarin mulkin gama gari da Sinawa suka dauka.Wanda ake kira Extended producer Responsibility ko EPR.Manufar ruhaniya ita ce canja alhaki daga ƙananan hukumomi da na larduna zuwa masu samarwa da kansu.
Gwamnatin kasar Sin ta amince da EPR, wanda na yi imani ya fito ne daga makarantun Yammacin Turai a farkon 2000s.A matsayin martani ga umarnin EU game da matsalar matsalar sharar E, kuma yana da ma'ana idan gwamnati koyaushe ita ce ke tsaftace duk wannan sharar E.Kamfanonin da ke yin wannan sharar ba za a taɓa ƙarfafa su don sauƙaƙe kayansu don sake sarrafa su ba.Don haka a cikin ruhun EPR duk masu yin batirin EV dole ne su tsara batura masu sauƙin haɗawa da samar da bayanan fasaha, ƙarshen rayuwa ga abokan cinikin su - Alamar EVd alamomin EV zuwa ko dai saita da gudanar da tarin batir nasu da cibiyoyin sake amfani da su ko kuma fitar da su ga wani ɓangare na uku.Gwamnati za ta taimaka wajen kafa ka'idojin kasa don daidaita tsarin.Tsarin yana da kyau a saman saman, amma akwai wasu bayyanannun kurakurai.
Yanzu da muka san tarihi da manufofin, za mu iya nutsewa cikin ƴan bayanan fasaha game da sake amfani da baturin EV.Batura da aka soke sun shiga tsarin ta tashoshi biyu daga motoci masu maye gurbin baturi da kuma daga motoci.A karshen rayuwarsu.Ga na ƙarshe, baturin har yanzu yana cikin motar kuma an cire shi azaman wani ɓangare na ƙarshen aikin rushe rayuwa.Wannan ya kasance wani tsari na hannu, musamman a kasar Sin.Bayan haka mataki ne da ake kira pretreatment.Dole ne a ciro ƙwayoyin baturi daga cikin fakitin kuma a buɗe, wanda ke da ƙalubale tunda babu daidaitaccen ƙirar baturi.Don haka dole ne a yi shi da hannu ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman.
Da zarar an cire baturind, me ke faruwa next ya dogara da nau'in baturin lithium-ion a cikin motar.Bari mu fara da baturin NMC, wanda ya fi kowa a China.Masu sake sarrafa batir NMC hudu suna son murmurewa.Kayan aiki na cathode.Binciken tattalin arziki na 2019 ya kiyasta cewa duk da yin kashi 4% na nauyin batura, sun yi sama da kashi 60% na ƙimar ceto gabaɗaya.NMC fasahohin sake amfani da su sun balaga sosai.Sony yayi majagaba a 1999. Akwai manyan hanyoyin fasaha guda biyu, Pyro metallurgical da hydro metallurgical.Bari mu fara da Pyro metallurgical.Pyro na nufin wuta.An narkar da baturin zuwa garin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, cobalt, da nickel.
Ana dawo da abubuwa masu kyau ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin ƙarfe na ruwa.Hanyoyin Pyro suna ƙonewa.Electrolytes, robobi da gishiri lithium.Don haka ba za a iya dawo da komai ba.Yana fitar da iskar gas masu guba waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafawa, kuma yana da ƙarfin kuzari sosai, amma masana'antu sun karɓe shi sosai.Hanyoyin ƙarfe na Hydro suna amfani da kaushi mai ruwa don raba abubuwan da ake so ta hanyar cobalt daga fili.Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune sulfuric acid da hydrogen peroxide, amma akwai wasu da yawa kuma.Babu ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin da suka dace kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki don magance gazawarsu na fasaha.Batir phosphate na Lithium iron phosphate ya kai kusan kashi 30% na kasuwar EV na kasar Sin kamar na shekarar 2019. Wadannan karfin batir din ba su kai takwarorinsu na NMC ba, amma ba su da abubuwa kamar nickel da cobalt.Akwai kuma mai yiwuwa mafi aminci.
Kasar Sin kuma ita ce kan gaba a duniyaer a cikin kimiyya da kasuwanci na lithium iron phosphate, fasahar baturi, kamfanin kasar Sin, fasahar ampere na zamani.Yana daya daga cikin shugabannin masana'antu a wannan yanki.Ya kamata a yi hankali cewa masana'antar kasar za su iya sake sarrafa wadannan kwayoyin halitta su ma.Abin da aka ce, sake yin amfani da waɗannan abubuwan ya zama mafi wahala a fasaha fiye da yadda ake tsammani.Wannan shi ne a wani bangare saboda suna samun ƙarin nau'ikan kayan haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin aikin pretreatment mai tsada,sannan kuma lithium na tattalin arzikiBatir phosphate na baƙin ƙarfe ba su da ƙarfe masu mahimmanci iri ɗaya kamar batirin NMC sun san nickel, jan ƙarfe, ko cobalt.Kuma ya haifar da karancin zuba jari a cikin alkuki.Akwai wasu ƙwararrun gwaje-gwajen ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ruwa waɗanda suka sami damar fitar da kusan kashi 85% na lithium a cikin sigar lithium carbonate.Hasashe shine cewa zai kashe kusan $ 650don aiwatarwatan na batirin lithium iron phosphate da aka kashe.Wannan ya haɗa da makamashi da farashin kayan aiki, ba ƙidaya farashin gina ginin bamasana'anta.Yiwuwar farfadowa da sake siyar da lithium na iya taimakawa yin sake yin amfani da shi ta hanyar tattalin arziki mai yuwuwa a yi, amma har yanzu juri yana kan wannan.Shin har yanzu ba a aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin a sikelin kasuwanci ba?Tsarin 2018 yana shimfidawa da yawa, amma yana barin wasu abubuwa da ake so.Kamar yadda kowa ya sani a rayuwa, ba komai ke tashi a cikin tsaftataccen baka ba.Akwai ƴan ramuka da suka ɓace a nan, don haka bari mu ɗan yi magana game da wasu tambayoyin manufofin da har yanzu ke kan iska.Maƙasudin ƙididdiga na kanun labarai a lokacin fitarwa ko ƙimar dawo da albarkatun ƙasa.98% na nickel cobalt, manganese 85% na lithium kanta da 97% na kayan duniya da ba kasafai ba.A oretically, wannan duk mai yiwuwa ne.Misali, na yi magana ne game da dawo da kashi 85 ko fiye na lithium daga batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe.Na kuma ambata cewa zai yi wuya a cimma wannan matsakaicin ka'idar saboda rashin inganci na ainihi da bambance-bambance a ƙasa.Ka tuna, akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za a iya yin ƙwayoyin baturi.Cushe, sayar da amfani.Babu wani wuri kusa da daidaitattun abubuwan da muke gani tare da batir cylindrical da aka sayar a cikin 711. Tsarin manufofin ya ɓace tallafin kankare da tallafin ƙasa don yin wannan ya zo rayuwa ta gaske.Wani babban damuwa shine tsarin manufofin tattalin arziki ba yat ware kuɗi don ƙarfafa tarin batura da aka yi amfani da su.Akwai ƴan shirye-shiryen matukin jirgi na dawowa da ƙananan hukumomi ke gudanarwa, amma ba komai a matakin ƙasa.Wannan na iya canzawa, watakila tare da haraji ko haraji, amma a yanzu 'yan wasa masu zaman kansu dole ne su ba da kuɗin kansu.Wannan batu ne saboda akwai ƙaramin ƙarfafawar tattalin arziƙi ga waɗannan manyan masu yin EV don tattarawa da sake sarrafa baturansu.
Daga 2008 zuwa 2015, farashin masana'antu da batirin EV ya ƙi daga 1000 USD a kowace awa ɗaya zuwa 268. Ana sa ran wannan yanayin zai ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa.Faɗuwar farashin ya ƙara samun dama fiye da kowane lokaci, amma a lokaci guda kuma sun rage ƙarfin tattarawa da sake sarrafa waɗannan batura.Kuma da yake waɗannan batura suma sun bambanta da juna, yana da wahala a haɓaka tsarin tattarawa da kuma sake amfani da su, don haka gabaɗayan kasuwancin ya zama mai lalacewa ga masana'antun su.Wanene ya riga ya yi aiki akan kyawawan tatsuniyoyi don farawa?
Ko ta yaya, masu yin EV bisa ga doka sun fara yin aiki da sake sarrafa tsoffin batir ɗin da suka kashe, kuma duk da rashin kyawun tattalin arzikin gabaɗayan kasuwancin, sun himmatu wajen haɗa kai da manyan kamfanoni don kafa tashoshi na hukuma don sake sarrafa baturi.Wasu manyan kamfanonin sake yin amfani da su sun taso.Misalai sun haɗa da sake amfani da Tyson zuwa Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt.Jiangxi Ganfeng lithium, Hunan Brunp da jagoran kasuwa GEM.Amma duk da kasancewar wadannan manyan kamfanoni masu lasisi, galibin sashen sake yin amfani da su na kasar Sin sun kunshi kananan tarurrukan karawa juna sani, marasa lasisi.Waɗannan shagunan na yau da kullun ba su da kayan aikin da suka dace ko horo.Su m je zuwawn a kan waɗannan batura don kayan aikin su na cathode, suna sake sayar da su ga mafi girma da kuma zubar da sauran.Babu shakka, wannan babban haɗari ne na aminci da muhalli.Sakamakon wannan ka'idoji da ka'idoji, waɗannan shagunan sara za su iya biyan masu EV ƙarin batir ɗin su, kuma don haka an fi son su a kan, faɗi, tashoshi na hukuma.Don haka, yawan sake amfani da lithium-ion a China ya ragu sosai a cikin 2015. Ya kasance kusan kashi 2%.Tun daga lokacin ya karu zuwa 10% a cikin 2019. Yana bugun sanda mai kaifi a cikin ido, amma har yanzu wannan ya yi nisa da manufa.Kuma tsarin 2018 ba ya saita manufa akan adadin tarin batir.Rashin ban sha'awa.Kasar Sin tana fama da wannan matsala ta wani bangaren baturi, batirin gubar gubar mai daraja, wannan fasaha mai shekaru 150 da ta wuce.ana amfani da shi sosai a kasar Sin.Suna ba da ikon tauraro don motocinsu kuma har yanzu suna shahara sosai ga kekuna E.Wannan duk da ƙa'idodin kwanan nan don ƙarfafa maye gurbin su da lithium ion.Ko ta yaya, sake yin amfani da batirin gubar na kasar Sin ya yi kasa da abin da ake tsammani da ma'auni.A shekarar 2017, kasa da kashi 30% na tan miliyan 3.3 na sharar batirin gubar da ake samarwa a kasar Sin ana sake yin amfani da su.Dalilan wannan ƙarancin sake yin amfani da su sun yi kama da yanayin lithium ion.Shagunan sara na yau da kullun sun rufe ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi don haka za su iya biyan kuɗi gabaɗaya ga batirin masu amfani.Romawa sun bayyana karara cewa gubar ba ita ce ainihin abin da ya fi dacewa da muhalli ba.Kasar Sin ta fuskanci manyan bala'o'in gubar dalma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sakamakon wannan rashin kula da su.Don haka a kwanakin baya gwamnati ta yi alkawarin murkushe wadannan shaguna na yau da kullun, wadanda aka kiyasta cewa akwai sama da 200 a fadin kasar nan.Manufar ita ce gwadawa da buga kashi 40% na sake amfani da su a cikin 2020 da kashi 70% a cikin 2025. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa adadin sake amfani da batirin gubar a Amurka ya kasance a 99% tun aƙalla 2014, bai kamata ya zama mai wahala ba.
Yin la'akari da fasaha da ecomatsalolin nomic da ke da alaƙa da sake yin amfani da batirin EV, masana'antar sun yi tunanin hanyoyin da za su ƙara amfani da waɗannan abubuwan kafin a tura su zuwa kabarinsu.Zaɓuɓɓuka mafi girma shine sake amfani da su a cikin ayyukan grid wutar lantarki.Waɗannan batura har yanzu suna da ƙarfin 80% bayan haka, kuma har yanzu suna iya tafiya daga shekaru masu yawa kafin a ƙarshe sun yi kyau.Amurka ce ke kan gaba a nan.Bayan da aka yi gwajin batir ɗin mota da aka yi amfani da su don ayyukan ajiyar makamashi na tsaye tun 2002. Amma Sin ta yi wasu ayyukan nunin ban sha'awa.Daya daga cikin mafi dadewa aiki shine aikin iska da hasken rana na Zhangbei a lardin Hebei.Aikin dalar Amurka biliyan 1.3 ya samo asali ne daga wani hadin gwiwa daga kamfanin State Grid mallakar gwamnatin kasar Sin da kamfanin kera batir na EV BYD, wanda ya nuna yiwuwar amfani da batir na Life EV don tallafawa da sarrafa wutar lantarki.Ƙarin ayyukan sake yin amfani da batir na EV sun taso a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a birnin Beijing, Jiangsu don yin takarce kuma yana haskakawa.Gwamnati tana mai da hankali sosai kan wannan, amma ina ganin a ƙarshe zai fi hana matsalar sake amfani da ita da ke magance ta.Domin ƙarshen kowane baturi shine ko dai sake yin amfani da shi ko kuma wurin zubar da ƙasa.Gwamnatin kasar Sin ta yi wani kyakkyawan aiki na karfafa gwiwar samar da wannan tsarin muhalli mai albarka.Ƙasar ita ce jagorar da ba a tambaya ba a wasu fannoni na fasahar baturi kuma da yawa, manyan V na tushen can.Suna da damar da gaske lanƙwasa lanƙwasa a cikin hayakin mota.Don haka a wata hanya, wannan batun sake yin amfani da shi matsala ce mai kyau.Hakan dai wata alama ce ta samun nasarar kasar Sin.Amma matsalar har yanzu matsala ce kuma masana'antar ta ja ƙafafu tare da kafa hanyoyin sadarwa, ƙa'idodi da fasaha masu dacewa.
Gwamnatin kasar Sin na iya duba manufofin Amurka don samun wasu jagora da karfafawa da ba da damar ingantattun halaye na sake amfani da masu amfani.Kuma ana buƙatar bayar da tallafi ga kamfanoni a cikin masana'antun fasahar riga-kafi da sake amfani da su, ba kawai a masana'antu ba.In ba haka ba, amfani da makamashi da lalacewar muhalli da ke tattare da waɗannan zubar da batir za su yi nauyi fiye da kowane fa'ida da muke samu daga juyawa zuwa EV.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-01-2023